NDM Case Study ..

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

7- What concerns/ considerations are there (if any) for the media institutions involved in your case study as a result of the impact of new and digital media? 

What concerns are there for the BBC traditional television as a result of the impact of new and digital media (BBC iplayer)?

The traditional ways of watching television is slowly dying, there's a concern that people will no longer need TV because everything's online, being able to watch something whenever and wherever they want. However, is the BBC really effected? No, because of the TV license, the audience having to pay £145.50 annual which covers BBC iplayer. The BBC don't suffer as much as, for example ITV because they rely on adverts to make their money and if the audience no longer watch their channels, advertising will go somewhere more popular. At the BBC, the proportion of public service expenditure attributed to online activities (including mobile) has gradually increased over time and reached 5.8 per cent in 2007–8.

Its Time To Break Up BBC iPlayer

Steve Hewlett published an article in the press last week that suggested Tony Hall’s big challenge was to sort out the BBC’s ‘digital’ strategy. Steve was onto something in latching onto ‘digital’ as a key area requiring attention, but we think he erred in thinking that ‘digital’ was somehow a separate problem to core strategy. This article makes the case that you can’t separate ‘digital’ from the rest of BBC strategy. More importantly, it makes the case that there is a fundamental flaw in the way new media, and iPlayer in particular, are organised and managed within the core of the BBC. We believe that this flaw is now having a significant impact on the arguably more important BBC broadcast brands. BBC announcements in the last month have highlighted the need for a fundamental re-think.

The announcement of poor BBC2 viewing figures spoke a broadcaster that is losing sight of its core broadcast function. Our research indicates that poor scheduling and weak brand support for BBC2 has played its part in the audience decline, but the failure to support broadcast brands online, in favour of iPlayer is a big factor – particularly with young audiences. It is instructive that iPlayer has become a more recognisable brand than the BBC’s second most important TV brand, even though it delivers a fraction of the total viewing time.

-But What Is The Flaw and Why Does It Matter?

The central flaw that concerns us is that the iPlayer team control not only innovation and future developments of iPlayer, but they retain operational control of day-to-day delivery of BBC online output. They also control, and have dramatically reduced the wider web presence of the channel brands and restrict their ability to express themselves and build connections with their viewers.

The same applies to YouView, which should have been a broadcast centric platform, designed to maximise the interests of the channels. Unfortunately, it was colonised early by iPlayer people and went ‘platform-centric’. It is possible to spend an evening watching BBC3 content, and come away with the YouView and iPlayer logos lodged in your brain. The emphasis on iPlayer has also robbed the broadcast channels of the tools to build audience relationships on the web and mobile. 

What people appear to have forgotten is that iPlayer was designed and created as an alternative destination to broadcast, at a time when people still feared that the internet would beat TV and not the other way round. It most certainly wasn’t designed as a support component of a broadcast centric organisation. It was created by a team led by Anthony Rose who declared at a conference that year that ‘broadcast is dead’. Its look and feel, was created to sit outside the core branding of BBC channels and genres, and it was intended to eventually develop its own content strategy. It was effectively set up as the ‘anti-BBC’. The world of TV has changed significantly since iPlayer’s inception.

-Why Does This Matter?

Decipher make the case that this matters for two reasons: Firstly, this is our licence-fee money that is being used to prop up personal fiefdoms, and fund huge amounts of over-lapping or unnecessary activity. The current structure reflects the personal egos of Eric Huggers and Ashley Highfield, not the current needs of the BBC. To have a separate Head of FutureMedia and BBC R&D while claiming poverty under the DQF process is iniquitous.

Secondly, and more importantly, it hampers the proper evolution of the BBC as a broadcast centric organisation. In 1997, the BBC was 3 years ahead of any other UK broadcaster. It is now well behind the curve with ITV and Channel4 having done a much better job of integrating new media into a wider broadcast operation. The BBC like to hold themselves up as a template for other broadcasters. Not only can they no longer do this, but unless this flaw is rectified, they will fall further behind in defining the 21 century role for broadcasters.

-Recommendations

We would make the following recommendations:

• Clarify the key centre of gravity for TV and Radio in the BBC – We believe that this should be the broadcast channels and their brands, with new media distribution strategy rebuilt to support not compete with them. The BBC is, at heart, a broadcast organisation and it needs to be communicated clearly internally and externally.

• Retire the black and pink iPlayer branding completely- It is a divisive brand livery and the BBC should unify the branding and presentation of on-demand content with the broadcast genres (TV and radio) that its meant to support. This means there should be a single brand architecture for TV at the BBC, with individual channel identities built within it. BBC iPlayer look and feel should reflect this TV brand architecture not compete against it as present. This is what ITV have successfully done with the recent ITV Player re-design.

• Stop trying to build iPlayer as a BBC ‘platform’. However hard you want it to be true, no consumer views content that way any more. It is a strategy that will eventually isolate the BBC, not help it retains its position as the dominant beast in the broadcast TV pack. It is a strategy that works well in the export market, as a US iPlayer demonstrates.

Case Study Digital Media Story ..

Google: 80% of news organisations are targeted by state hackers

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/28/google-news-organisations-targeted-state-hackers

More than four-fifths of the world's top media organisations, including the Guardian, have been the target of likely state sponsored hacking attacks, according to research from two Google security engineers. Presented at the ongoing Black Hat Asia 2014 conference in Singapore, Shane Huntley and Morgan Marquis-Boire's research shows that journalists are "massively over-represented" among the targets of state-sponsored hackers. While the pair didn't go into detail about their methodology, they confirmed to Reuters that Google "tracks the state actors that attack our users". Those who the company suspects have been the target of such attacks are notified by a banner across the top of their webmail login, such as this displayed to Guardian staffers since mid-Mar:

Huntley told Reuters that "if you're a journalist or a journalistic organisation we will see state-sponsored targeting and we see it happening regardless of region, we see it from all over the world both from where the targets are and where the targets are from." Google's advice to those it suspects of being a state target is simple. "Be careful about where you sign in to Google.

It does not, however, share information about what specifically prompted the warning, in order "to help defend the integrity of these systems". Instead, the company explains that "it's likely that you received emails containing malicious attachments, links to malicious software downloads, or links to fake websites that are designed to steal your passwords or other personal information."

In April 2013, the Guardian was the victim of a hacking attack by the Syrian Electronic Army, activists linked to Bashar al-Assad's regime. The Twitter accounts for Guardian Music, Guardian Film and Guardian Books, as well as a number of staffers, were taken over by the group following a "spear phishing" attack: targeted emails designed to trick users into revealing their passwords.

NDM Case Study ..

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

5- Who are the primary target audience now and has this changed? Who was it before and how do you know?

Who are the primary target audience that use BBC Iplayer and watch the BBC, has it changed from before? Who was it before and how do you know?

BBC Audience Information

BBC One has the highest reach of all the BBC channels with nearly 80 per cent of the UK population (4+) tuning in for seven and a half hours each week on average. Certain BBC television channels (BBC Three, CBBC and CBeebies) have specified target audiences. For example:

• BBC Three is targeted at 16-34 year olds. Those 16-34 year-olds who view BBC Three watch, on average, for longer per week than the average viewer of the channel (2h 02m vs. 1h 43m). 
• The target audience of CBeebies is 0-6 year olds. As BARB measures 4+ year olds only, the CBeebies target audience’s viewing is captured by measuring the viewing of 4-6 year-olds and housewives with children up to 3 years old. 45 per cent of this group watches 
• CBeebies and in January – March 2011 they spent 4 hours 54 minutes with the channel on average per week.

Service Review Younger audiences: BBC Three, Radio 1 and 1Xtra

The BBC is a major media provider for younger audiences, with more than 9 out of 10 young people using BBC services each week.  The BBC delivers some of its public purposes well to young people but faces challenges to deliver news to them, and to serve teenagers on television. Despite the huge growth in choice of media, the BBC remains a very important part of young people’s media consumption. The BBC reaches around 92 per cent of 15-34 year olds each week and BBC television remains successful at reaching younger audiences, although its usage has declined significantly in recent years.

BBC Online has become an important part of the BBC’s offering to young people. More than one-quarter (28 per cent) of all 16 to 34 year olds use BBC Online each week, the same proportion as all adults, making BBC Online the fifth most popular website for this age group in the UK, behind Google, MSN, Facebook and Yahoo. Reach to BBC Online among younger audiences has risen by around 9 percentage points since 2003. Some sections of BBC Online have particularly strong appeal to younger audiences, notably the formal learning websites for children and young adults. BBC Online reached an average 42 per cent of teenagers per month, compared with 51 per cent of all individuals. 

6- How have the audience responded to the changes? Is there more customer choice? Is there evidence of a more pluralistic model? What evidence do you have to support this?

How have the audiences responded to the changes (the development of digital media)? Is there more customer choice? Is there evidence of a more pluralistic model? What evidence do you have to support this? 

I would say the audiences have adapted to the changes of the development of digital media by giving them a better choice. The audiences are given more choices, they have a range of programmes and they're enabled to watch their programmes whenever and wherever they want. The audiences are allowed to time-shift, using the red button, online services, on-demand or the plus channels. People would argue that the world has changed to a more pluralistic view, people being in control of everything, having the power and not being controlled by the media because of all the options they have now. 

Case Study Digital Media Story:

MORE CONTROL AND MORE CHOICE: PICTURING THE TV AUDIENCES OF TOMORROW

http://www.redbeemedia.com/blog/more-control-and-more-choice-picturing-tv-audiences-tomorrow

Expect a media revolution.

The way we consume media is changing forever, driven by new technologies that are turning traditional thinking on its head. At the same time, viewer attitudes and behaviours continue to evolve at a pace, with the great experiences from BBC iPlayer and Sky Go stimulating an increasing desire for “anywhere, anytime” viewing. With these seismic changes taking place, we’re hoping to shed some light on the needs and wants of the TV audiences of tomorrow at our second Tomorrow Calling event, when we will reveal and discuss findings from an in-depth consumer survey.

We are in no doubt that the appetite for TV viewing is growing. The way it is delivered, how content is watched and the way content is found are some of foundations of the media revolution. The ubiquitous uptake of connected TV sets will start to blur the boundaries of how TV is delivered. It is at this point where the audience will not care how their TV is being delivered, and the connected TV will enable them to seamlessly shift from a live linear viewing experience into a catch up or VoD environment. This will dramatically change the landscape of the content aggregator.

A different but equally important change to the future viewing experience is led by the explosion of companion devices, opening up TV to benefit from technical innovations. With this change there will be expectations of a “media grade” TV experience across all devices, no matter what piece of glass you are looking through.

The consumer wants more control and more choice and they get frustrated because they can’t find content they want to watch. Within this context the electronic programme guide (EPG) along with the remote control navigation is set to change dramatically over the next few years. A new and intelligent form of content discovery will help guide viewers through a potentially baffling array of content and give them more. Fast forward to 2020 and great TV content has an exciting future, the communal TV experience seems set to stay, but it will increasingly be in a virtual sense.

NDM Case Study ..

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

4- Is the size of the audience any different now than before the impact of new and digital media (or has the pattern of usage changed)?

BBC Audience Information

January - March 2011 - BBC TV Research ..  

Average Weekly Research and Average Weekly Time Spent per User:

Television viewing in the UK remains strong, despite the wide range of media competing for viewers’ time. Across its nine television channels the BBC reached nearly 88 per cent (50 million) of the UK public aged 4+ on average in January – March 2011. And they spent over 11 hours a week on average watching BBC television. 

BBC Digital Media Services Research ..

How does the BBC measure research of BBC digital media services? 

Unlike Television and Radio, there is no industry standard for online measurement within the UK; therefore the BBC uses a wide range of sources to assess performance of BBC Online. The number of people consuming BBC digital media services (BBC Online and Red Button) is measured via bespoke surveys - in which people are asked which services they have used within a week. Time spent Online is not included due to the lack of an industry standard and a consistent methodology for online measurement. 

How many people consume BBC digital media services each week? 

January – March 1 2011 - Online & Mobile

41.8 per cent (20.2 million) of UK adults used BBC Online and BBC Mobile in an average week. This equates to 57.4 per cent of those who have access to the internet in the UK.

Red Button 

30 per cent of UK adults with digital TV (12million) pressed the Red Button to access a variety of BBC Red Button services in an average week.

From all this research, I can conclude that the size of the audience isn't different than before the impact of new and digital media because the audience viewers is still higher than the BBC iplayer. 

NDM Case Study ..

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

3- What impact has there been on how the media institution now has to produce the texts and the way in which the texts/ products are distributed and exhibited? This should involve a detailed textual analysis of at least 3 texts to demonstrate the point.

What impact has there been on how the media institution now has to produce the text and the way the texts are distributed and exhibited? This should involve a detailed textual analysis of at least 3 texts to demonstrate the point.

Text One:

BBC Iplayer

In terms of how the BBC produce a text is still the same as before because of the TV License, people having to pay £145.50 annual:

How the licence fee was spent in 2012/13:

Between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2013 the cost was £145.50 – the equivalent of £12.13 per month or just under 40p per day. The BBC used its income from the licence fee to pay for its TV, radio and online services, plus other costs, as shown below.

TV
£7.69 per month per household

Radio
£2.08 per month per household.

Online
£0.55 per month per household.

The BBC hasn't had to change a lot in the way they produce a text because people are still paying to use BBC iplayer - 55p per month. Hence the reason why Tony Hall wants to extend the license fee because people now rely much more on BBC iplayer and use it through their tablets or ipads. The normal channels - BBC One and BBC Two, people are charged £7.69 per month which before used to be effective but because new and digital media has improved over the years people have adapted to using BBC iplayer more therefore, taking more out of the website than the channels - Tony Hall believes increasing the License fee would be better because people now use it more.

In terms of distributing and exhibiting the text, in the past the only way to watch TV was on the Television but now TV is distributed through E-Media, BBC iplayer. BBC iplayer consists of all the BBC channels, from BBC One to CBBC and the website has now introduced the download button, so people can now watch their programmes offline for up to 30 days, no longer needing internet. Slowly, slowly people have changed the way they consume TV therefore changing the way the BBC distributed and exhibited their texts.

Text Two:

4OD

Channel 4 is a publicly-owned, commercially-funded public service broadcaster. They don't receive any public funding and have a remit to be innovative, experimental and distinctive. Channel 4 works across television, film and digital media to deliver our public service remit. The media institution being Channel 4, is predominantly funded by advertising and sponsorships, the main source for consuming Channel 4 programmes is through E-Media therefore channel 4 has to provide more content online which means loosing money from adversing and sponsorships. 

In terms of the way the texts are distributed and exhibited, the website is targeted at the younger audiences, the way the website is exhibited is quite stylish and modern. Because people don't watch the traditional programmes it loses revenue and the money made through advertising. Unlike other broadcasters such as ITV, Channel 4 is not shareholder owned. In addition to the main Channel 4 service, their portfolio includes E4, More4, Film4 and 4Music, as well as an ever-growing range of online activities that includes channel4.com, Channel 4's bespoke video-on-demand service 4oD and standalone digital projects. Through its film arm Film4 Channel 4 is also a key supporter of British film making talent.

Text Three:

ITV Player

ITV Player is an online video on demand service accessible though the main ITV website itv.com. The service offers a variety of programmes from homegrown programming to imports across ITV, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4 and CITV. Some sports programming is available to watch again via the service, the 2010 FIFA World Cup and highlights being examples. Programmes are available for 30 days on the site after being first shown on ITV. The service was originally called ITV Catch Up but was then rebranded 'ITV Player' on 5 December 2008 as part of ITV’s aim to create a recognisable and consistent brand for video-on-demand content across the web and TV. This shows that the media institution ITV player has changed the way they produce the text because the E-Media side is more popular, they have to keep up with the new and digital improvements.  

In terms of distributing and exhibiting the text, they've changed the website to make it look more modern and interesting. They've made it easier to use which would attract more people. New and digital media's made the impact because people no longer use the traditional way of consuming a text, through television. They now want more from the website. This loses money in terms of advertising because ITV relies heavily on the money from advertising.

NDM Case Study ..

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

1- Has new and digital media had an impact upon ownership and control of the media institution(s) involved in your case study area? Explain in detail any impact and what exactly has changed.

Has New and Digital media such as BBC iplayer, had an impact upon ownership and control of the media institution (The BBC)? 

My main focus is Television and the BBC, so the new and digital media aspect would be BBC iplayer, in terms of control and ownership - The BBC still have full control and ownership because of the TV license. However, BBC iplayer's main source is the internet therefore the BBC can't charge people to use BBC iplayer. In order to have full control and ownership, the BBC have considered to extend the license fee so it covers BBC iplayer. 

Tony Hall: extend licence fee to cover BBC iPlayer

BBC director general Tony Hall wants the licence fee extended to include the estimated 500,000 UK homes where viewers do not have a TV set but watch corporation programmes on-demand on the iPlayer. The move would enable the BBC to start charging the estimated 2% of households – 500,000 – in the UK which only consume on-demand TV content, rather than watching programmes live. Hall used a speech at the Oxford Media Convention on Wednesday to mount a robust defence of the BBC and the licence fee, saying it was "one of the finest broadcasting organisations in the world" and "great value for money" reaching 96% of the population ever week.

Far from the licence fee being abolished, as some critics have argued, Hall said it should be extended to take account of the different ways in which people consume TV and radio in the digital age, on their computer, iPad or smartphone. "One of the advantages of the licence fee is that it's flexible and has adapted over the years," said Hall. "When and how best to take the next step is, of course, a matter for the government. "Our view is that there is room for modernisation so that the fee applies to the consumption of BBC TV programmes, whether live on BBC 1 or on-demand via the iPlayer or other devices."

• Hall said the BBC's latest research showed that the public was prepared to spend an average of between £15 and £20 for its services, beyond the £12 a month (or £145.50 a year) households currently pay.
• He said the accusation that the licence fee was a "dinosaur from a pre-digital age, doomed to inevitable extinction" was inaccurate.
• "Around 90% of all television viewing is still live. Well under 2% of households consume only on-demand TV content. And this number is growing only slowly," he said.
• "Funding by licence fee therefore remains practical and sustainable."

Hall described the licence fee as "not a compromise, least-bad option. It underpins the success of the BBC".

Questioned about the statistic that 10% of magistrates' court cases are taken up by non-payment of the licence fee, Hall said: "Of course I'm not content [with that statistic]. "I go back to what I was saying: what better system could there be than a licence fee and if you remove any penalty on it then, you know, more people will say they won't pay … That is the system we've got."

BBC iPlayer Android app now allows downloads for offline viewing 

The Android version of the BBC's iPlayer mobile app can now download TV shows for offline viewing, a year after the feature was added to the iOS version of the application. Android iPlayer users can now store shows on their devices for up to 30 days, watching them for seven days after the first time they start playing the video. The new feature will work on Android devices running the Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean variants of Google's Android software.

"This is because these devices are able to provide the appropriate level of protection for our programmes," explained senior product manager David Berlin in a blog post. "Our figures show this will mean 70% of Android app users with compatible devices will be able to use this functionality from today – and over the coming months we will be extending this to include new Android devices as well as some older ones." The BBC has faced vocal criticism from Android users since it added video downloads to the iOS iPlayer app in September 2012 – criticism that will have been particularly sensitive given the BBC's public broadcasting remit.

For now, the new video download feature will work on devices including Amazon's 8.9-inch Kindle Fire, Google's Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets and Nexus 4 smartphone, HTC's One, Sony's Xperia Z and Samsung's Galaxy S2, S3 and S4 smartphones and its Galaxy Tab 2 tablet. This shows that you no longer need the internet to watch catch up tv because once it's downloaded your able to watch it offline. So, the idea of Tony Hall extending the tv license is actually effective in terms of keeping control of their audiences. 

2- What impact has there been on the way in which the audience now consume the media products/ texts involved in your case study? How does it differ from what went before? Consider (SHEP)

What impact has there been on the way in which the audience now consume Television? How does it differ from what went before? Consider (SHEP)

Before BBC iplayer, catch up TV and on demand, people had to adapt their everyday lifestyle around the programmes they watched. It also caused a dilemma, in the sense that if a programmes showing on one channel and another on a different channel, people wouldn't be able to fully enjoy themselves. Now, new and digital media allows the audience to enjoy their programmes when they want, wherever they want. New and digital media has opened up a new flexible lifestyle, being able to "time-shift" instead of watching time scheduled programmes. Pluralist believe that people now have the power and are in control of the media, they decide because they now have the power to do so. However Marxist believe we're controlled by hegemonic leader and they still have all the power. 

Social: 

Socially, the audiences don't loose out with time out with their friends, audiences now don't need to worry, they can spent all their time out, knowing that they can catch up they're TV programmes once they do go home. Television has become more flexible and easier for people to socialise with friends and family.

Historically:

This shows and highlights the development of the world, from the beginning where there was only 5 channels, having to watch programmes during the time of the showing to now being able to watch and catch up TV online, when it suits you. Being able to have full control of your own TV. Time-shifting, being able to watch the programme wherever, on the train or in the car.

Economically:  

Economically, because people can now watch their programmes on BBC iplayer, eventually they'll get used to watching they're TV online, no longer needing to pay the license fee. The BBC will loose all control, also the discussion that's been going on about decriminalizing the license fee only provokes people to stop paying at all.

Case Study Digital Media Story ..

BBC licence fee: decriminalising evasion review delayed

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/mar/21/bbc-licence-fee-decriminalisation-evasion-delayed

The BBC is claiming victory in its bid to delay a review into decriminalizing* licence fee evasion, which it claims would lead to reduced revenue and force it to axe services such as BBC4. Tory MP Andrew Bridgen, who has been pushing for legislation to make non-payment a violation rather than a criminal offence via an amendment to the forthcoming deregulation bill, has made additional amendments in which he calls for ministers to spend up to a year reviewing the issue. The timing will bring the issue into forthcoming negotiations with the government over the renewal of the BBC's royal charter and licence fee agreement.

*"decriminalizating" usually means that it is no longer a "crime" but a "violation" to do the act.

A BBC spokesman said: "The BBC is content that this proposal balances a timely examination of this issue with a proper review of the options, while not taking any decisions prior to charter review." This is something the BBC has been pushing for since it first emerged last month that justice secretary Chris Grayling was looking into the issue of decriminalisation of licence fee evasion. Bridgen's first amendment was backed by more than 150 MPs. On Wednesday, he told Radio 4's The Media Show that he realised making the change in legislation to make non-payment a civil offence could not happen immediately, as the corporation has no alternative enforcement system yet and cannot switch off its programmes to households, but that he had made his proposal to "test the sentiment of the House of Commons."

His latest proposals give more detail, saying the review should start within three months of the deregulation act being passed and complete it "no later than" a year after it began. He also calls for a move "to replace the TV licensing offences with civil monetary penalties payable to the BBC." All three of Bridgen's amendments will be discussed by the deregulation bill committee on Tuesday.

Basically, Tory MP Andrew Bridgen believes payments towards the BBC license fee shouldn't be a crime but just a violation, by decriminalizing this law. 

Weekly NDM Story ..

Paul Dacre's old Leeds university newspaper facing closure

http://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/mar/21/universityofleeds-newspapers

Leeds Student, the university newspaper that Daily Mail editor Paul Dacre cut his teeth on, may close due to a funding shortfall. According to an article on the paper's website, it cannot afford the printing costs. The allocation from the student union, the Leeds University Union, has fallen short by £5,200. It states: "Despite numerous attempts by student volunteers to save the publication through external advertising, proposals were turned down on the grounds that it poses a threat to the union's own services." 

Leeds Student is published free every Friday during term-time. The only paid position is that of the editor, who is elected yearly. Some students have organised a petition, Save Leeds Student newspaper. And on the site are several heartfelt pleas from current and past students. One former student, Jennifer Hearn, writes of the paper being "one of the country's best student newspapers with investigative journalism rivaling some of the national media." 

She continues: "It is important not just for the student body, but the local area too. It also campaigns for some fantastic causes and social changes, as well as raising the profile of students clubs, societies and activities." Leeds Student has won several awards down the years. In 2012, it was nominated in two categories of the Guardian student media awards as publication of the year and website of the year. Maybe Mr Dacre will step in to save his old paper from closing. Meanwhile, I wonder if Leeds Student is the only university paper facing life-threatening funding problems.

Case Study Digital Media Story ..

Worst timing ever! Line Of Duty fans left wanting – and fuming – after iPlayer’s livestream disappears

http://metro.co.uk/2014/03/19/line-of-duty-fans-left-wanting-and-fuming-after-iplayers-livestream-disappears-4658821/

It’s been one of the most talked-about series finales since Broadchurch – but when it came to Line of Duty’s climactic episode, the main concern of some viewers was that they weren't actually able to watch it. While events in the acclaimed cop drama unfolded on BBC Two without incident from 9pm, those trying to watch the episode on the BBC’s iPlayer were out of luck, instead being greeted by a message which read ‘This content does not seem to be working. And it became fairly obvious fairly quickly, as they took to Twitter to vent their frustrations, that the evening’s viewing had been ruined.

‘Last episode of Line Of Duty, iPlayer not working. WOE,’ commented one annoyed fan. Another added: ‘It’s like BBC iPlayer knows I should be doing a million other work things and so is denying me Line Of Duty,’ while a similarly frustrated viewer said: ‘Why oh why does iPlayer go on the blink just as #lineofduty’s about to start? Too cruel.’ Others suggested that ‘overloaded servers’ were responsible for the site crashing as people tuned in to watch the finale, leading one person to comment: ’The show that broke the BBC iplayer” is a pretty good publicity line for series three of #LineofDuty.’ However it was simple ‘technical issues’ which appeared to be the problem, with iPlayer saying on its own Twitter page that they were dealing with a ‘known fault’ on the service and that its team was working to resolve the problem.

This shows that BBC Iplayer is very popular and everybody relies on it, because the site was down for a little while everyone had a panic, I think it's obvious that BBC iplayer is a popular website and overall, I think if people didn't have BBC iplayer, they'd struggle. 

Learner Response ..

Mock Exam Response .. 

Grade: D+ (15/32)

WWW: Range of texts referenced in Q2.  

Learner Response: Include specific theory - narrative theory (eg. Todarov) in question 1; representations (eg. Perkins) in question 2; NDM Quotes for question 3. Write an extra paragraph for each.

Question One:

Todarov's theory can be applied to this exam question because both trailers show a clip of the equilibrium and quick shots of the dis-equilibrium which is very effective as it attracts the audience to watch the rest of the film. The fact that the trailer shows short clips of the dis-equilibrium creates the sense of enigma, as the audience don't understand or know what's going to happen. Both trailers highlight the chaos that's occurred in the middle of the film which is when the dis-equilibrium is taken place, because the film doesn't show any of the new equilibrium it leaves the audience with so many questions thus attracting them to find out thus feeding their curiosity.

Question Two:

Perkins discusses the idea of "Rethinking Stereotypes" the idea that not all stereotypes are wrong and offensive. He also believes most stereotypes are actually true. In terms of the representation of outsiders such as vampire films are popular, it can be argued that people enjoy films that have outsiders because it's something new, the representation of outsiders isn't always seemed as a wrong thing, Perkin believes that stereotypes aren't always bad, the idea that the representations of outsiders isn't wrong because it still attracts the audiences, it creates a escape for the audiences (Uses and Gratifications).  

Question Three:

Official and unofficial websites contribute to the films success in terms of promotion, the fact that everyone uses social networking and the internet to get their news, the best way to promote would be through the internet. The idea that print is dying and the audience have adapted to online news sources. New and digital media had changed the way people work, from newspapers to tablets. The best way to promote a film is through official and unofficial websites because it's more popular. The target audience (teenagers) also are always using socialy networking and the internet so of course it would be stupid for compaines to promote their films using print because their audience has adapted to how new and digital media has changed the world.   

New Case Study ..

Case Study ..

Area of Investigation ..  

How has the impact of new and digital media allow the audience to time shift and watch their programmes online such as BBC Iplayer and 4OD instead of following scheduled timing.

Reason .. 

The reason I've chosen this topic is because audiences now have greater power to watch their programmes whenever they want by simply going online to BBC Iplayer or 4OD. People no longer have to stay indoors to watch their shows because they have the option to record their programmes using Sky Plus and to then come back and catch up later. My main focus is BBC iplayer and 4OD and the impact is's has on Television, it also raises the question whether Television is dying because people rely on online TV such as BBC iplayer and 4OD

3 examples ..

1. BBC Iplayer
2. 4OD
3. ITV Player

Key Theorist ..  

1. Marxist and Pluralism 
2. Tony Hall (BBC Director)
3. Rupert Murdoch 

Judith Butler - Gender Performance ..

Gender Roles 

Traditional Females in Print:

The cosmopolitan magazine cover reinforces the traditional stereotypes of females, the over exposed woman with her cleavage hanging out is a typical representation of how women should look, having big boobs and curves is the look that the media and the society over exaggerate. The media and the society pressure women from a very young age that they should have that cetain look. 

Alternative Female in Print:

This magazine subverts the typical representation of women in the media, the certain look that the media exaggerates. However it can be argued that in some ways she's been portrayed as a typical female through the outfit she's wearing, the top brings out her chest and highlights the curves therefore appealing to men, backing the point of the male gaze.     

Traditional Males in Print:

This magazine cover highlights the typical portrayal of men, the built muscles brings out his macho and masculinity. This backs Judith Butlers argument of Gender Performance, that a man plays a certain role in the media to fit in with the requirements of the society. 

 Alternative Males in Print:

This magazine cover subverts the typical representation of men because of the way hes posed and the clothing. He's represented exactly the way women are portrayed, in terms of Gender Performance, this man plays the role of a female. 

Traditional Females in Broadcast: 

This advert is a traditional representation of women, cooking and cleaning in the kitchen, the power of this advert is amazing, over time her role as the domestic house wife doesn't change, the daughter also is portrayed in the same way, in the sense that she too will grow up to have the same role, the domestic house wife. This backs Judith Butler through the idea that women play the domestic house wife role in order to follow the society.

Alternative Females in Broadcast:

This advert is so powerful in terms of challenging Judith Butler theory of Gender Performance because the whole idea was to subvert the typical stereotypes. The women are represented negatively and the men are represented positively. 

Traditional Men in Broadcast:

This advert reinforces male gender performance through the fact that he acts very manly with his friends. This reinforces Judith Butlers idea of playing a certain role to fit in.

Alternative Men in Broadcast:

This advert subverts male gender performance because father and son are both portrayed washing the dishes  and cleaning the kitchen while the women sit back and watch. This subverts Judith Butlers's theory of gender performance because they're not playing the typical role in the media.

Traditional Females in E-Media:

Barbie Games

This website is a typical representation of how women are pressurized from a young age, they're taught to play their gender role from a young age thus being able to fit in with the media's requirements. This also relates to Judith Butler because little girls are taught to care about their looks and their appearance.

Alternative Females in E-Media:

Body Buliding

This subverts the typical representation of women because it's all about women being body builders therefore subverting the typical gender role of women,

Traditional Men in E-Media: 

Body Building

This is a typical representation of how men should be portrayed in the media, body builders which is the role they're supposed to play to fit in with the media and the society.  

Alternative Men in E-Media:

West Londons Gay Men Project

This subverts the typical representation of men as it's all about gay men, men that act like females. This role doesn't fit the typical gender role, being a gay person isn't how males are brought up and sometimes looked down on in the society.  

Feminism: Angela McRobbie Examples ..

- Barbie recreated in 'normal body proportions' - because apparently the original ruins lives

http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/lifestyle/big-issue/barbie-recreated-normal-proportions

A new study from Oregon State University argued that playing with Barbie dolls negatively influences the career ambitions of girls. The study asked girls aged four to seven to play with various dolls before asking them whether they thought they could take up various careers. Girls who played with Barbie dolls were much more likely to say they that they could do fewer jobs than boys could, compared to girls who played with a ‘neutral’ toy (Mr Potato Head), who were more likely to say they were just as capable as boys. Pretty scary, huh? As well as making us feel less competent then boys, many have long argued that Barbie’s unrealistic proportions are also detrimental, fuelling dangerous body ideals in young girls. 

- Equality will be here… in 2030

http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/lifestyle/big-issue/chime-for-change-equality-survey?click=main_sr

This article focuses on the equality of men and women in 2030. Looking at a survey, women believe true equality will happen in another 16 years. Also, women such as Ophrah Winfrey, JK Rowling and the Queen are women who will inspire other women and girls to accomplish their ambitions. As for the most inspiring moments for women in the 21st century, the English monarchy scrapping the rule that only male heirs can accede to the throne came top, followed by Malala Yousafzai surviving being shot in the head by the Taliban for speaking in favour of educating girls.

- Cameron Diaz "Women should be allowed to age"

http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2014/03/13/cameron-diaz-oprah-winfrey-sharon-stone-talks-about-ageing-gracefully

Cameron Diaz, let's be real, looks incredible at any age. She's 41, she's super fit and healthy and she doesn't stress about being covered in make-up 24/7. But the actress has spoken out about how women are being put under too much pressure to look younger - and she's had enough. Speaking to Oprah Winfrey in the upcoming TV show Cameron Diaz & Sharon Stone: Aging Gracefully, she told the TV host how "crazy" our obsession with aging (or trying to stop aging) was. "Our culture is obsessed with not growing into who you were really meant to be", Oprah said. To which Cameron agreed, "this is true". Cameron added that "women don't allow other women to age gracefully," and that "And we don't give ourselves permission to age gracefully." 

- The Cosmopolitan Ultimate Women Awards 2013: Full winners list

http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/celebs/ultimate-women-of-the-year/winners-list-2013?click=main_sr

London’s Victoria & Albert Museum played host to the annual Cosmopolitan Ultimate Women of the Year Awards 2013 with Vauxhall ADAM. Over 400 guests including Ellie Goulding, Nicole Scherzinger, Little Mix, Louise Redknapp, Paloma Faith, Mollie King, Dynamo, Wretch 32, Sheridan Smith, McBusted and Lawson attended our biggest event of the year, that celebrates the outstanding achievements of truly inspirational women in 2013. Winners on the night included some of the biggest names from the worlds of music, sport, film and TV as well as real life winners, chosen for their incredible personal achievements and life changing crusades.

- Beauty and the bloke

http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/beauty-hair/beauty-blog/men-use-women's-beauty-products-in-their-grooming-routine?click=main_sr

An article by Cassie Powney, When I first met my boyfriend, I introduced him to moisturiser. He had enough aftershave and hair gel to spritz and coiff the five thousand, but apparently, moisturiser was an alien concept to him. After many reassuring words and some gentle coaxing he slowly came around to the idea, despite how ‘wet’ it made his face feel. I even got him sporting some rather fetching eye de-puffing pads once, but that’s where his love affair with beauty ended.

• A third of men are now using female beauty products (stealing from their girlfriends, not marching into Boots and filling their basket with Veet and fake tan for all to see).
• The survey found that nearly 30% of men shave or wax their body hair.
• Almost 20% pluck their eyebrows. 
• When it comes to makeup there’s a bit more resistance, with 11% of men use concealer 
• A minuscule 1% of men are using foundation.

“Women aren’t the only ones wanting to copy their favorite celebrities,” says the founder of Escentual.com, Rakesh Aggarwal.“With men like Matthew McConaughey, Josh Hartnett and Justin Timberlake having fronted male beauty campaigns, men are feeling the pressure to look groomed.” Sales in Superdrug echo this, with men’s grooming products up by 18% this year compared to 2011. Superdrug have decided to meet this demand by launching two new ‘manly’ facemasks. Pretty clever move if you ask me; by taking the girly aspect away from beauty, I think a lot of men will be tempted to embrace the vain.

Weekly NDM Story: Teachers Example ..

Jasmine Gardner: News travels fast in cyberspace but can we trust it?

http://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/jasmine-gardner-news-travels-fast-in-cyberspace-but-can-we-trust-it-9159845.html

Morgan Freeman has died three times: once on Twitter, twice on Facebook. During Hurricane Sandy, a shark swam up the streets of New Jersey. In the London riots of 2011 a tiger was let loose from London Zoo. And this week Manchester United boss David Moyes was sacked.

Of course all this is nothing more than social media rumour — much to the relief, no doubt, of Moyes, who had been tabled by tweeters to be losing his job at 2:30pm on Wednesday, after Manchester United’s 2-0 defeat in the Champions’ League to Olympiakos the day before. The gossip spread quickly among fans: by midweek, bookmakers had 8/11 odds on Moyes being the next Premier League manager to leave his job. Maybe Moyes will be comforted to discover that a new project involving King’s College London called Pheme is attempting, over the next 18 months, to build a web app that would state whether twitter statements are true or false. Until then working out whose news you wish to repeat (or gossip you wish to retweet) online will be an ever-growing minefield.

• In the US a third of all adults under 30 are said to get their news from social media, with half of all Twitter users receiving their newsflashes in 140 characters. 
• According to Fast Company, social media has overtaken porn consumption as the number one activity on the web — one cheap thrill superseded by another. 
• More significantly, a survey late last year by market researcher Populous showed that in Britain, Twitter is now an everyday news source for 55 per cent of opinion formers. In other words, a majority of influential people get their information from a potentially unreliable source.

Yet if trust is in trouble, is that the fault of unreliable people or an unreliable method of communication? 

That applies to online opinion too. Twitter suggests people to follow based on those with whom we already interact. The more we curate from where and whom we receive information (through selective following and tailored news apps) the less likely we ever are to find out about something outside that remit. Meanwhile, the web continues to do this for us, algorithmically, with Google showing us personalised search results, based on our browser history, and Facebook editing out the feeds of friends we talk to least.

In his TED talk on the subject, internet activist Eli Pariser said: “Instead of a balanced information diet you can end up surrounded by information junk food” — where everything we see online is only what we enjoy believing. On Facebook, unsurprisingly, most people’s news consumption comes through friends and family.

In terms of rumour, what we have done (to borrow from the film Meet the Parents) is narrow down our “circle of trust”. It would likely matter little whether this circle was online or off: we begin to think we can rely on all the information we hear from that group.

Sam Gardiner, the schoolboy who fooled Twitter into believing he was Samuel Rhodes, a football journalist with insider knowledge, observed: “With technology, when people chose to be dishonest they can do it at scale.” Indeed we can — and we want to. Not only is Twitter a place for influencers to find information; it has become the place for wannabe influencers. Among the general public, just 15 per cent get information from Twitter: so the majority of us bothering to share there have something to promote or a desire to be heard. And such is the repugnance among tweeps for sharing old information that when we find a rumour, the desire to be the first to retweet it can outweight the desire to be right. Twitter hasn’t taught us to be more trusting or more gullible but simply to speed up our decision-making when it comes to spreading gossip. The danger is we value speed over truth — as David Moyes can ruefully reflect this week.

Personally, I think news thats posted on Facebook and Twitter isn't reliable because it comes from anyone. Anyone can go online and tweet a piece of news that they've made up. This just shows that people need to stop going online to facebook and Twitter and just find their news on real news websites such as The Guardian and News Online or Daily Mail. Those websites contain real hard proof facts and news. Twitter  and Facebook overall isn't a trustworthy source.

NDM Summary 9/03/14

Weekly NDM Story  

Saturday, 23 November 2013 - Universities should use Twitter to engage with students

Saturday, 23 November 2013 - David Cameron defends opposition to Page 3 ban ..

Thursday, 28 November 2013 - Is Sony's 'smart wig' even more absurd than Google Glass?

Saturday, 7 December 2013 - The Sun attracts 117,000 paying subscribers to its Sun+ digital service

Saturday, 7 December 2013 - Daily Mail overtakes Sun as biggest-selling Saturday paper

Saturday, 14 December 2013 - Mail Online passes 10m daily browsers ..

Saturday, 14 December 2013 - The world of "smart" is heating up

Saturday, 21 December 2013 - Facebook, Zuckerberg and banks face IPO lawsuit over misleading investors

Sunday, 22 December 2013 - Twitter more than triples its UK revenues to £46m

Friday, 3 January 2014 - Viral Video Chart: BBC News bloopers, Sherlock trailer, Piers Morgan

Friday, 3 January 2014 - Internet streaming won't save music – the record industry still relies on hits

Sunday, 19 January 2014 - As The Independent's sales fall to a new low, will anyone take it on?

Sunday, 19 January 2014 - Daily Mirror sales drop below 1m

Tuesday, 4 February 2014 - Ofcom should have final say on media takeovers, say peers ..

Tuesday, 4 February 2014 - Has The Sun lost sales in Ireland since dropping Page 3? Not many...

Tuesday, 4 February 2014 - The Debrief website aims to be more than 'BuzzFeed for girls' ..

Thursday, 6 February 2014 - Trinity Mirror shares rise after profit upgrade ..

Thursday, 6 February 2014 - Netflix to spend $3bn on TV and film content in 2014 ..

Thursday, 6 February 2014 - Mail Online fuels DMGT ad revenue rise

Saturday, 15 February 2014 - TV Choice sales hit five-year high as it benefits from closure of TV Pick

Saturday, 15 February 2014 - Virgin Media falls behind as rivals BT and BSkyB sign up more customers

Monday, 17 February 2014 - TV viewing figures show Brits prefer traditional sets over smartphones

Monday, 17 February 2014 - The Independent seeks buyer

Sunday, 9 March 2014 - Daily Mail and Guardian digital 'minnows', says News UK chief

Sunday, 9 March 2014 - Facebook agrees to delete posts selling illegal guns

WWW: I'm up to date with all my Weekly NDM Stories and they're clear and easy to understand and read.

EBI: Mark key points in red therefore making it easy to revise for the Media Exam.

Weekly NDM Story ..

Facebook agrees to delete posts selling illegal guns

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/05/facebook-to-delete-illegal-gun-sales-posts

Under pressure from gun control advocates, Facebook agreed Wednesday to delete posts from users selling illegal guns or offering weapons for sale without background checks. A similar policy will apply to Instagram, the company’s photo-sharing network, Facebook said. The policies announced Wednesday will be implemented over the next few weeks. “We will remove reported posts that explicitly indicate a specific attempt to evade or help others evade the law,” the company said in a statement Wednesday. “For example, we will remove reported posts where the potential buyer or seller indicates they will not conduct a background check or are willing to sell across state lines without a licensed firearms dealer.”

New York attorney general Eric Schneiderman and gun control groups have been asking Facebook to implement such restrictions. New York requires a federal background check for private gun sales and prohibits sales of some popular firearms, such as the AR-15. His office collected evidence that some website users were willing to sell guns without background checks or otherwise violate the sales restrictions of states with tougher gun control laws. Mayors Against Illegal Guns, the group backed by former New York mayor Michael Bloomberg, and Moms Demand Action have been pressuring Facebook to address the issue. Petitions from Moms Demand Action calling on Facebook to prohibit illegal gun sales had more than 230,000 signatures. Acknowledging people can’t actually sell things to each other through its site, Facebook said many people and organizations use its free tools to promote commercial transactions.

“This is one of many areas where we face a difficult challenge balancing individuals’ desire to express themselves on our services and recognizing that this speech may have consequences elsewhere,” the company said. The company said it already has systems in place to remove advertising that’s false and deceptive or violates its policies. It already prohibits ads for illegal drugs, tobacco products and prescription drugs. There’s no way to know how many guns are sold via Facebook, because the transactions are actually completed offline, said John Feinblatt, chairman of Mayors Against Illegal Guns. But such sales have occurred. In Kentucky, for example, federal authorities in February charged an Ohio man with illegally selling a 9mm pistol to a Kentucky teenager, a transaction that investigators say was arranged through Facebook.

Tom King, president of the New York affiliate of the National Rifle Association, acknowledged that Facebook is allowed to set its own rules, but he looks at the new restrictions “as a kind of limit on our first amendment rights.” Although his group doesn’t sell guns, he questioned whether they could be blocked if somebody reports the Rifle & Pistol Association’s Facebook page anyway. “This is something that could greatly get out of control very quickly,” King said. 

Overall, I think the police need to keep a close eye on social networking sites because people find it so easy to sell and promote drugs and guns, someone once posted images of their products on instagram and sold their drugs, eventually the police  found out and put a stop to it. But that's the whole point, it's so easy for people to use social networking sites to sell their drugs hence the police need to keep a close watch on people.

Weekly NDM Story ..

Daily Mail and Guardian digital 'minnows', says News UK chief

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/mar/05/daily-mail-guardian-digital-minnows-news-uk-mike-darcey

News UK chief executive Mike Darcey has called the Guardian and Daily Mail digital "minnows" – despite the publishers' boasting a combined monthly online readership of almost 300 million – in the latest round of the debate about finding a sustainable model for professional journalism. Darcey, who also criticised his rivals last month in a speech defending News UK's strategic decision to back the digital paywall model, offered a back-handed compliment about the Guardian's "digital first" strategy. Darcey argued that the open digital strategy – coupled with cover price rises – will hasten the demise of print editions. "Chasing online advertising revenue at scale requires a deep, free online proposition and this in turn undermines the incentive for people to pay for print editions," said Darcey, speaking at the Digital Media Strategies conference on Wednesday. "The Guardian web proposition is so good I wonder why anyone continues to buy the Guardian edition in print at all. They must be very wealthy people."

He added that aiming to rely on online advertising as the primary revenue stream was a dangerous strategy, putting newspaper publishers in direct competition with global giants such as Google and Facebook. "When print is switched off, all you have is online advertising [and] online ad prices are low and are falling," he said. "If this is your only revenue source, then you need to think about the fact that you are head-to-head with the global internet titans. So while the Guardian boasts online metrics that seem impressive in our world and Mail Online seems huge with 190 million [monthly] uniques, they are both minnows in their revenue pond." 

• Andrew Miller, the chief executive of Guardian Media Group, the parent company of the Guardian, argued that ignoring the value of the internet giants is a fundamental failure to understand how readers use the web.
• "Drudge [Report], Twitter, Facebook, Google, you have to embrace the models they are working with," he said. "These aren't our enemies, these are our friends."He said that it was too simplistic and a mistake to automatically equate open access to content with a model that is free.
• "Open is the way the web works. Open is about how you engage with your readers, about how people actually consume media today," he said, following Darcey with a presentation at DMS. "The days when you can hide behind something is long gone. Open isn't a luxury, it is not a nice thing we want to do, it is reality. Open is the way the web works, so we are working with the web".
• Miller appeared to indicate that he might in the past have backed some form of paid-access strategy at the Guardian, but that the time had passed and the focus is now on the upcoming launch of the newspaper's paid members scheme.

"If we could do a paywall, of course we'd be doing it now because we'd love to do it," he said. "Unfortunately, that horse has bolted long ago, particularly in a world where in the UK, with the BBC, you have a big, free news provider … so that's reality. Membership to me is adding value over and above the consumption of news that people are willing to pay for."

• Miller was promoted from chief financial officer to chief executive of GMG in July 2010.
• Darcey also took aim at Mail Online's pursuit of the free ad model, but admitted that he would not like to see rivals fail.
• "I want my business to succeed but I do have a broader interest in the success of [the newspaper] category," he said. "I would not regard it a great outcome if my titles were the only ones to be around. That doesn't feel like the world I want in the future. You need a plurality of voices. I do have a broader interest, even the Guardian [succeeding]. I want to win in the market but I do want the market to prosper as well."

Social media is more popular in terms of attracting an audience hence using online ads to make money is the only way that online newspapers will make money and stay on top. Using paywall is a terrible idea because people will turn to sources that are free like facebook and twitter. Also if a website